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A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire: The Cultural Revolution in the Cinema
2 13 June 2011
Metro Kino
Vienna, Austria
Of all the cultural products from the Chinese Cultural Revolution, perhaps its films are its most powerful and widely known legacy. Held in conjunction with the Museum of Ethnology¹s Culture of the Cultural Revolution exhibition, the Austrian Film Archive series A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire presents feature films and documentaries from and about the Chinese Cultural Revolution. All films are presented in the original language and subtitled in either English or German. On the 3rd and 4th of June, Mr. Liu Debao, Shanghai¹s ³Red Collector,² will present screenings from his unique collection of Cultural Revolution newsreels and documentaries on 16mm and China¹s unique 8.75mm gauge. In cooperation with the Museum für Völkerkunde, curated from Katja Wiederspahn and Chris Berry, IFK_Senior Fellow.
A Single Spark Can Light a Prairie Fire:
1) DONGFANG HONG (THE EAST IS RED)
Wang Bing, China 1965, 117 minutes, color, 35mm, OV w/Engl. subtitles
Released immediately before the Cultural Revolution, this song and dance epic soon became one of its iconic works, and the title song became its anthem. One of the main elements of the Cultural Revolution was the Chairman Mao. People carried the Little Red Book with them everywhere, and reported on their day to pictures of Mao on the wall when they came home in the evening. Mao was the red, red sun, and his followers were the sunflowers that turned towards him. This reverent work follows the history of the Revolution from the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921 through to the 1949 Liberation, in glowing Chinese
Technicolor and vibrant stage performances.
2) LIU DEBAO, "THE RED COLLECTOR", PRESENTS:
Mr. Liu Debao's private collection of materials from the Mao era (1949-1976) includes thousands of posters, films, newspapers and other media materials. He is known in China as "The Red Collector". Mr. Liu has a strong revolutionary and patriotic lineage. His mother was an anti-Japanese guerilla fighter. Born in 1951, he was 15 when the Cultural Revolution broke out, and became a Red Guard. He has been collecting since 1968, and will present some of collection in Vienna.
1. The Political Culture of the Cultural Revolution
Mao met with hundreds of thousands of young people in Tiananmen Square in Beijing 8 times during the Cultural Revolution. Mr. Liu travelled there from Shanghai for the 5th and 6th meetings, as a student and then as a worker. The newsreels of the time present a powerful and vibrant record of the political culture of the time, with its mass rallies, criticism sessions, and parades. Mr. Liu will present and discuss some of these materials.
3) LIU DEBAO, "THE RED COLLECTOR", PRESENTS:
2. The Claimed Achievements of the Cultural Revolution
During the Cultural Revolution, great emphasis was put not only on class struggle but also on technological progress and national self-reliance. The model 'commune' of Dazhai and the industrial model at Daqing were promoted in documentaries. These themselves were shown all over the country by mobile projection teams on a special super-8 style 8.75mm film stock developed for the purpose. Mr. Liu plans to bring his 8.75mm projector to Vienna to show us, along with some documentaries.
4) MORNING SUN
Carma Hinton, Geremie R. Barmé, Richard Gordon,
USA/China 2003, 117 minutes, color + b&w, Digi Beta, engl. OV
Carma Hinton was born in Beijing in 1949, the same year as founding of the People¹s Republic of China. The child of dedicated American revolutionaries, today she works in the United States as a documentary filmmaker. Morning Sun takes her back to Beijing to interview her friends about their time as Red Guards. Combined with rare archival footage, it conjures up the excitement and psychology of the times. Where Auch wenn ich nicht mehr bin focuses on the victims, Morning Sun examines the perpetrators -- or were they victims, too?
5) 5ONGSE NIANGZIJUN (THE RED DETACHMENT OF WOMEN)
Pan Wenzhang, Fu Jie , China 1970, 105 minutes, color, 35mm, OV w/Engl. subtitles
This 1970 film is a ballet, but forget about frail women in tutus fluttering to their tragic and beautiful deaths. Red Detachment of Women is still en pointe. But otherwise it is all clenched fists, righteous anger, and bayonets at the ready! Freed by the Communists from imprisonment by the local landlord, Wu Qionghua seeks vengeance. In this story of women¹s liberation and empowerment, Mao-style, she also learns about revolutionary discipline. The film provides some of the most powerful iconography to come out of the Cultural Revolution. In their uniforms with short pants, the ballerinas were also the pin-up girls of the Mao era.
6) DIE WORTE DES VORSITZENDEN
Harun Farocki, FRG 1967, 2 minutes, b&w, German OV
An instruction manual: How to forge Chairman Mao's words into deadly weapons
...
and
YANG BAN XI: THE EIGHT MODEL WORKS
Yan Ting Yuen, NL/China 2005, 90 minutes, color, Digi Beta, OV w/Engl. subtitles
The Cultural Revolution is over. But the Yang Ban Xi live on. 8 model revolutionary works commissioned by Madame Mao, these vivid hybrids of Beijing opera, ballet, and symphonic music were performed and projected repeatedly. Yan Ting Yuen¹s documentary explores their origins and form, and their ongoing appeal to young Chinese such as rock musician Zhao Wei. She also follows the now middle-aged original prima ballerina of The Red Detachment of Women, Xue Qinghua, as she reprises the role of a lifetime to rapturous applause.
7) ZHIQU WEIHUSHAN (TAKING TIGER MOUNTAIN BY STRATEGY)
Xie Tieli, China 1970, 123 minutes, color, 35mm, OV w/Engl. subtitles
Before it was the title of Brian Eno¹s second album, released in 1974, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy was one of the most popular revolutionary operas. Like many other young Westerners, Eno was inspired by the idea of the Cultural Revolution. He picked the name after seeing a book of postcards showing key scenes from the film. The story is based on a true event from 1946, when a Communist reconnaissance team member disguised himself as a bandit in order to infiltrate their stronghold. Full of bold leaps and martial arts-style action, the film is a thrilling and kinetic action movie as well as a propaganda film.
8) KUNAO REN DE XIAO (TROUBLED LAUGHTER)
Deng Yimin, Yang Yanjin, China 1979, 92 minutes, color, Digi Beta, OV w/Engl. subtitles
Immediately after the Cultural Revolution in 1976, a cycle of ³scar films² helped the Chinese public come to terms with the ³decade of chaos.² Most were high melodrama. But, full of dream sequences and luridly coloured fantasies, Troubled Laughter is a rare absurdist comedy. In 1975, reporter Fu Bin returns to work after political re-education. But he finds himself caught between the desire to write the truth and the deluded politics of the final days of the Cultural Revolution. Even his wife advises him to lie, but in the end he is arrested again. A final coda promises release and family reunion. But it is shot as a fantasy sequence, suggesting it may not be for real. Troubled Laughter was selected for screening outside competition at Cannes in 1981.
9) LAN FENGZHENG (THE BLUE KITE)
Tian Zhuangzhuang, China/Hong Kong 1993, 138 minutes, color, 35mm, OV w/Engl. subtitles
Tian Zhuangzhuang was punished for Blue Kite by being banned from directing films for 5 years. At the same time charming and chilling, the film follows the childhood of Tietou as he grows up with his mother, through three political movements: the Anti-Rightist Movement (1957), the Great Leap Forward (1959-1960), and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Each movement brings a new father figure into their lives and takes him away. The official line is that the Cultural Revolution was an aberration in China¹s otherwise glorious socialist history. Blue Kite suggests otherwise. It is, of course, banned in China.
10) WO SUI SI QU (AUCH WENN ICH NICHT MEHR BIN)
Hu Jie, China 2006, 69 minutes, color, DVD, OV w/German subtitles
Bian Zhongyun was the respected principal of a girls¹ high school in Beijing -- until her own students beat her to death in August 1966, as the Cultural Revolution reached fever pitch. What would you do if you heard your wife was dying in the ER? Bian¹s husband, Wang Qingyao, grabbed his camera. Hu Jie¹s ρemarkable film is not only about the events of that terrible summer when Mao ιnstructed students to ³be violent.² It is also a contemplation of the drive to witness and document to never forget. No one has ever been charged with Bian¹s murder. And, for Wang Qingyao, it is just like yesterday.
11) READYMADE
Zhang Bingjian, China 2008, 81 minutes, color, DVD, OV, w/Engl. subtitles
How would you feel if your wife looked like Chairman Mao? Unsurprisingly, the cloud on the horizon of Chen Yan¹s new career as a female Mao impersonator is her husband¹s discomfort. The Mao cult was a major feature of the Cultural Revolution. And although, like Elvis, Mao has long ago left the building, he lives on in the form of Mao impersonators. Zhang Bingjian¹s documentary shows just how far two of the many Mao impersonators are willing to go in their efforts to make their careers. Significantly, both of them are old enough to remember the Cultural Revolution Mao cult.
12) YANGGUANG CANLAN DE RIZI (IN THE HEAT OF THE SUN)
Jiang Wen, China 1994, 134 minutes, color, 35mm, OV w/Engl. subtitles
For many people, the Cultural Revolution was a disastrous ³decade of chaos.² But In the Heat of the Sun focuses on those too young to be either victims or Red Guards. Left behind after their parents had been sent down to the countryside to be punished and the schools had all closed, Beijing¹s teenagers came of age in an atmosphere of unrestrained and sometimes cruel freedom. The film is the debut of Jiang Wen, who was known before as a lead actor (for example in Zhang Yimou¹s Red Sorghum), and has since made films like Devils on the Doorstep (2000) and Let the Bullets Fly (2010). It was adapted from a novel by the ³hooligan² author, Wang Shuo.