Την ίδια ώρα, στην Κίνα...

Νά μια νέα κυκλοφορία:

Στο Ρου του Ποταμού
Ανθολογία κινεζικής ποίησης των δυναστειών Τανγκ και Σονγκ
Απόδοση από τα κινεζικά: Αικατερίνη Βούρκα
Παπασωτηρίου, 2015, Αθήνα
1η έκδ. (Δίγλωσση έκδοση, Ελληνικά και Κινεζικά)

Η ποίηση των δυναστειών Τανγκ και Σονγκ (618-1279) αποτελεί χρυσή εποχή για τον κινεζικό πολιτισμό και σημαντική συμβολή στην παγκόσμια λογοτεχνία. Την περίοδο αυτή, η Κίνα γνωρίζει εκπληκτική άνθιση στα γράμματα, τις τέχνες και την οικονομία. Στη δυναστεία των Τανγκ και μόνο, καταγράφονται πάνω από 50.000 ποιήματα και 2.500 ποιητές με γνωστότερους τους Λι Πο, Του Φου και Του Μου.

Στη δίγλωσση αυτή ανθολογία, παρουσιάζονται μαζί με την ελληνική απόδοση τα κινεζικά ιδεογράμματα καθώς και η λατινική τους μεταγραφή (πινγίν), δίνοντας τη δυνατότητα στον αναγνώστη να απολαύσει την απλότητα της κινεζικής γραφής σαν φυσικές παραστάσεις που βαθμιαία εξελίσσονται σε τέχνη, αλλά και να αναπτύξει επαφή με τη γλώσσα εκατομμυρίων ανθρώπων με ύπαρξη, πολιτισμό και παράδοση πολλών χιλιετηρίδων.
 
Δεν καταλαβαίνω την ερώτηση (αν υποθέσουμε ότι γνωρίζω την απάντηση...)
 

Zazula

Administrator
Staff member
Εφόσον είναι δίγλωσση έκδοση, θα έχει και κινεζικό κείμενο. Αυτό θα είναι γραμμένο στα σημερινά κινεζικά τής ΛΔΚ ή στη μορφή που είχαν τότε τα κινεζικά;
 
Στο εξώφυλλο βλέπω την απλοποιημένη γραφή της ΛΔΚ, αλλά δεν ξέρω για μέσα. Έχω δει άλλη δίγλωσση έκδοση όπου το εξώφυλλο ήταν σε απλοποιημένη και το κείμενο μέσα ήταν σε παραδοσιακή (επρόκειτο για αρχαίο συγγραφέα). Οι αντίστοιχοι όροι είναι: simplified και traditional. Σημειωτέον ότι "η μορφή που είχαν τότε τα κινεζικά" είναι η μορφή που έχουν σήμερα στο traditional, δηλ. η γραφή εκτός ΛΔΚ (αλλά και εντός, σε περιορισμένη χρήση).
 

Zazula

Administrator
Staff member
Για την παραδοσιακή γραφή και την απλοποιημένη γνωρίζω, αλλά από εδώ: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese νόμισα (μάλλον λάθος) πως ήταν τότε και σε άλλα πράγματα διαφοροποιημένη η μορφή της γλώσσας.
 
Κατάλαβα. Όχι, οι χαρακτήρες (ή "ιδεογράμματα") ήταν οι ίδιοι με τους σημερινούς traditional· η προφορά όμως έχει αλλάξει (και βεβαίως η γραμματική, η σύνταξη, το λεξιλόγιο...). Τους διαβάζουν δε τώρα με τη σημερινή προφορά (ή μάλλον με τις διάφορες σημερινές προφορές, ανάλογα με την περιοχή).
 

Zazula

Administrator
Staff member
Α, δηλαδή όπως διαβάζουμε κι εμείς τα αρχαία ελληνικά. Ευχαριστώ! :)
 
Πα ντε κουά.

Λίγη πλακίτσα. Πάντα έλεγα πως κινέζικα και αγγλικά μοιάζουν, με τη μονοσυλλαβικότητά τους!

English to Chinese Translations:

ENGLISH PHRASE-----------------------CHINESE TRANSLATION

Are you harboring a fugitive?--------Hu Yu Hai Ding?

See me A. S. A. P.-------------------Kum Hia Nao

Stupid Man---------------------------Dum Gai

Small Horse--------------------------Tai Ni Po Ni

Your price is too high!!-------------No Bai Dam Thing!!

Did you go to the beach?-------------Wai Yu So Tan?

I bumped into a coffee table---------Ai Bang Mai Ni

I think you need a facelift----------Chin Tu Fat

It's very dark in here---------------Wai So Dim?

Has your flight been delayed?--------Hao Long Wei Ting?

I thought you were on a diet---------Wai Yu Mun Ching?

This is a tow away zone---------------No Pah King

You are not very bright---------------Yu So Dum

I got this for free-------------------Ai No Pei

I am not guilty-----------------------Wai Hang Mi?

Please, stay a while longer-----------Wai Go Nao?

Our meeting was scheduled next week---Wai Yu Kum Nao

They have arrived---------------------Hia Dei Kum

Stay out of sight---------------------Lei Lo

He's cleaning his automobile----------Wa Shing Ka

Your body odor is offensive-----------Hu Man Go!

Pew! does this bathroom stink!--------Hu Flung Dung?
 
Chinese Communist Party Warns Officials: Calligraphy Isn’t for Amateurs
(James T. Areddy and Lilian Lin / WSJ)
(...)
The admonishment takes particular aim at officials who scramble for seats atop artistic associations, suggesting the positions are little more than grabs to establish credibility in the absence of artistic ability – and therefore a ticket to higher priced sales.

Calling it “trendy” for officials to insert themselves into an artistic association, the editorial said one provincial calligraphy association has dozens of vice presidents, “which is astounding.”

The commission leader, Mr. Wang, is quoted in the editorial as joking that officials lacking talent often strive for more complex forms of calligraphy, saying some officials proceed directly to difficult cursive of “rough script” before they’ve even mastered basic script.
(...)
Talented calligraphers are facing their own challenges from the party, with Chinese President Xi Jinping last year, telling artists to produce work that is “morally inspiring in order to present socialist core values.” Xinhua at the time quoted Zhang Hai, chairman of the China Calligraphers Association as saying, “I am greatly inspired and moved by Xi’s speech.”
 
Sales execs who missed targets forced to kneel on public bridge and chant 'We are sorry'
(Yahoo)
Pedestrians who were using a busy crossover in the city of Xiamen, the capital of south-eastern China’s Fujian Province, were stunned to see the men and women in suits on their knees with messages in front of them detailing their name, age, and exactly what it was that they had done to bring such shame on themselves.

One, named as Zhen Liu, 43, had the handwritten message on the ground in front of him saying: 'I failed to beat my sales targets.'
(...)
Another, Ming Chou, 39, had the message: 'I have to kneel down on the bridge for one hour as punishment for not finishing my job.'
(...)
'After a while one of them decided he’d had enough and stood up shouting and grabbing a piece of paper and throwing it on the ground before marching off. But the others remained, calmly accepting their punishment.'
 
Ο Τζιά Τζανγκ-κέ γύρισε ταινιάκι για την Γκρηνπής:
Greenpeace East Asia on Wednesday released a film by renowned Chinese director Jia Zhangke titled “Smog Journeys,” examining how air pollution affects families at all rungs of China’s stratified society. (Huffington Post)

Σχεδιάζεται σιδηροδρομική γραμμή Μόσχα-Πεκίνο σε 2 μέρες, 242 δις δολάρια (Bloomberg)

China's top archaeological discoveries in 2014 (Xinhua)
 
Apologies All Around After Watch Is Presented as Gift in Taiwan
NYTimes
Guides to Chinese business etiquette often carry a reminder to never give a timepiece as a gift. The phrase “giving a clock,” or 送鐘, sounds in Mandarin too much like “paying one’s last respects” to the deceased, and the act of it is one of a few taboos based on Chinese pronunciation. That message didn’t reach Susan Kramer, the British minister of state for transport, until after she had given a large pocket watch to the mayor of Taipei, Ko Wen-je, on Monday during a visit to Taiwan.

Το πένθιμο ακριβές ομώνυμο (δηλ. και οι τόνοι είναι ίδιοι) είναι 送终. Και τα δύο προφέρονται sòng zhōng (σòνγκ τζōνγκ).
 
Ένα πολύ ενδιαφέρον 12λεπτο αφιέρωμα στην τενίστρια ("fuzzyballer"!) Li Na. Κορυφαία στιγμή για μένα, το χαστούκι...

Σημ. Σωστή για μάς προφορά είναι όχι Λίνα, όπως ακούγεται ως επί το πλείστον στην εκπομπή, αλλά Λινά (Lǐ​ Nà).
 
Re-ideologizing Chinese Universities
(China Change)
Yesterday [January 29], the Chinese Minister of Education Yuan Guiren (袁贵仁) called in a conference for the implementation of “The Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Propaganda and Ideological Work in Higher Education under the New Circumstances,” a document recently issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. Leaders of Education Bureaus in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu as well as leaders of Peking University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University, Shandong University, and Xiamen University attended the conference. Yuan Guiren’s speech is part of the Chinese government’s effort to re-ideologize Chinese higher education.

In China, there was a time when universities were little more than the ideological mouthpieces of the CCP, diminishing their original purpose to disseminate knowledge and foster personal growth. Following the Party’s ideological bankruptcy in the 1980s, independent thoughts flourished on college campuses. However, the party has always resented the loss of its absolute monopoly on ideology on campuses and has held deep-rooted hostility towards Western ideas popular among university students and professors. Since Xi came to power, the re-ideologization of Chinese higher education has become what they call a “new normal” in education.

The campaign to re-ideologize Chinese universities draws on three points. The first is to demonstrate support for the party’s leadership. Reporting this conference, the mouthpiece media claimed that Chinese university professors and students “wholeheartedly support the party’s leadership, fully trust the CCP with comrade Xi Jinping as its General Secretary, and confidently believe in socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great revival of the Chinese nation through the Chinese Dream.” This glorification of Xi Jinping is aimed at legitimizing support for the party leadership in university education.

Following practices from the Mao era, administrative organs of education announced that they will take concrete measures to spread ideologies espoused by Chinese political leaders. This is the so-called “Three Into-es” requirement: “rigorously introduce the words of the General Secretary Xi Jinping into our teaching materials, into classrooms and into minds.” In other words, education bureaus in China will spare no efforts to use public resources and classroom podiums to advocates Mr. Xi’s ideology.

I believe it won’t be difficult at all to adapt Xi Jinping’s words “into teaching materials” and “into classrooms;” the education bureaus and the university authorities will only need to impose an administrative order to force the implementation. However, it is a completely different question as to whether these intellectually vapid and logically absurd ideologies can be implanted “into the minds” of the students. The history of China, or elsewhere, has proved that forced political indoctrination of young people with words of political leaders rarely achieves the goal of the indoctrinators. Instead, it fosters detestation.

The second measure to re-ideologize universities is to tighten control over teaching through executive commands. This has been specifically spelled out as the Four Nevers: “Never allow textbooks that promote western values into our classrooms; never allow any remarks that attack, defame or discredit the party’s leadership or socialism to appear in college classrooms; never allow any kind of speech in violation of the Constitution or laws to spread in college classrooms; and never allow teachers to make complaints, vent grievances in classrooms that would affect the students.”

The purpose of the “Four Nevers” is to prevent college students to gain knowledge about the evolution of human societies, suppressing any thought or speech that shows the deficiency of ideologies promoted by Chinese leaders. This is rather similar to orders given by Chinese imperial courts to “depose the hundred schools of thoughts and promote only Confucianism.”

The truth becomes clearer the more an issue is debated; only a heated debate with different points of views can test the validity of an idea. Ideologies that cannot withstand the heat of argument and are in need of administrative protection are often shallow, absurd and vulnerable.

The third measure to re-ideologize higher education in China is to restore and strengthen thought policing on college campuses. When an orthodox ideology has to be implemented through administrative enforcement and when it is sustainable only by eradicating competing ideologies, this ideology is bound to contravene human nature in fundamental ways. Such lifeless ideas cannot gain popularity, cannot sustain for long, let alone thrive. In this battle with the state and its leaders on one side and the people and the humanity on the other, a system of thought policing is inevitable.

On university campuses in China, there are two groups of people who carry out the thought policing. One group is the university staff in charge of propaganda, consisting of Party cadres, Youth League cadres, and full-time student counselors. The other group are faculty who teach the thought education classes. They are teachers but they are also thought police. They are long on political orthodoxy and short on any convincing scholarship. Yuan Guiren, in his speech, voiced clear support for these people and vowed to increase their ranks. One can anticipate that these “thought police” will once again be monitoring professors and students alike on campuses.

—————

Hu Shaojiang (胡少江) is a commentator for Radio Free Asia.
 
Από το Sinocism του Bill Bishop:

China quality watchdog tells Alibaba fakes threaten China's reputation
(Reuters) - Alibaba Group Holding Ltd must pay more attention to product quality and step up the fight against fake goods sold online, China's product quality watchdog chief told company executive chairman Jack Ma, according to a statement on Tuesday.

The proliferation of shoddy goods online was a threat to China's reputation, and the ruling Communist Party and government took the issue seriously, Zhi Shuping, director-general of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), said in the meeting on Monday.
(...)

China says 'knows nothing' about aid offer for Greece
BEIJING Wed Feb 11, 2015 5:05am EST

(Reuters) - China's Foreign Ministry said on Wednesday it had no knowledge of any offer by Beijing for aid to Greece after Greece's deputy foreign minister said China had offered economic support even though Athens had not requested it.

Nikos Chountis, who also holds the European Affairs portfolio, told Greek radio that Russia had also offered Greece help, while Greek Defence Minister Panos Kammenos said that if Athens failed to get a new debt agreement with the euro zone, it could always look elsewhere for help, including possibly China.

"There have been proposals, offers I would say, from Russia, recently after the election, for economic support as well as from China, regarding help, investment possibilities," Chountis said, adding: "We have not asked for it."

China's Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said she had seen the reports but had "no knowledge" of the matter.

"We are willing to keep deepening cooperation and exchanges in all areas with the new Greek government on the basis of the principle of mutual respect and win-win to push the continued development of Sino-Greek ties," she told a daily news briefing.

"As for the detailed situation you mentioned, I know nothing about it."

University President Sees Echoes of Cultural Revolution in New Campaign - NYTimes
Gong Ke, the president of Nankai University in the northern port city of Tianjin, told the People’s Daily website that the allegations that universities were infested with subversion evoked dangerous parallels to the two worst purges of intellectuals in the People’s Republic of China: the Anti-Rightist Movement of 1957 and the Cultural Revolution a decade later. “Recently, I’ve read people on the Internet saying that the ranks of academics must be cleansed, purified and rectified,” Mr. Gong said. “I can’t agree with this. This was the mentality of 1957 or 1966.”

China’s Wealthy Parents Are Fed Up With State-Run Education | Foreign Policy
Forget rote memorization and pressure-packed tests -- Western, alternative learning is the new rage.
Ri Ri Xin and schools like it demonstrate the growing interest among young, middle-class Chinese parents in alternative education, often based on liberal Western ideas, even as state authorities have clamped down more tightly on Western values in Chinese higher education. On Jan. 30, China’s education minister demanded that universities shun “Western values,” in what seems the latest move in President Xi Jinping’s sweeping campaign to tighten up the ideological sphere. But Western pedagogies like Waldorf and Montessori, which a few years ago might have been mistaken for clothing brands, now adorn the fronts of elite kindergartens and elementary schools.

Συμβουλευτική δημοκρατία είναι το νέο brand
CPC proposes developing "consultative democracy" - Xinhua
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on Monday published a document proposing to promote "consultative democracy", the country's own brand of democracy. Approved in the sixth meeting of the Leading Group for Overall Reform in late December, the document says socialist consultative democracy embodies the Party's "mass line" policy, and that developing it is essential to deepening reform of the political system. Consultative democracy is defined as a democratic pattern in which, led by the CPC, all sections of society are consulted on major issues before and during policy-making processes.

Chinese Corruption, Now Officially Hilarious | Foreign Policy
The Paper, a state-run, Shanghai-based news site, reported that CCTV asked Miao Fu and Wang Sheng, two young performers of crosstalk, a form of comedic dialogue, to write the script for an anti-corruption skit in October 2014. The propaganda department arranged for Miao and Wang to meet with the party’s disciplinary commission to discuss real-life cases of corrupt officials as inspiration. The party mouthpiece People’s Daily claimed, to online sneers, that CCTV’s directors were “most generous” in giving the skit leeway in their censorship process. Wen Wei Po, a party-owned newspaper based in Hong Kong, reported that as many as three skits about corruption were shown at the Gala’s dress rehearsal on Feb. 8. This does not mean anything goes. Miao told Huashangbao, a local paper in his native Shaanxi province, that the script had been revised more than 70 times, and “many things could not be mentioned” because of censorship requirements.
 
Προσέξτε πόσο απλά είναι τα πράγματα:

Shanghai is applying to have the neighborhood that sheltered around 20,000 Jewish refugees during WWII inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.

It's estimated that up to 23,000 Jews who escaped Nazi persecution fled to Shanghai, which didn't require entry visas. Many of them lived in the Tilanqiao area of Hongkou district, according to Xinhua.

The Shanghai Jewish Refugee Museum, which stands at the former site of the Ohel Moshe Synagogue, completed collation of the refugee list, data bank, literary video and audio material to go forward with the application.

The city has also announced plans to rebuild the Wiener Cafe Restaurant, a popular gathering spot for refugees living in the city at the time. The cafe, which was demolished in 2009 to make way for subway expansion, will be rebuilt across from the Jewish Refugee Museum on Changyang Road using original blue prints from 1939.
 
Portrait of Xi selected as test for university candidates
More than 12,000 undergraduate candidates applying to the art school of Beijing University of Technology were asked to sketch a portrait of President Xi Jinping.

Το τεστ στο διαγώνισμα αγγλικής γλώσσας για τις εισαγωγικές εξετάσεις στο Nanjing Foreign Language School.

Μου θύμισε την ιστορία με τους κατοίκους των κλειστών σηράγγων του μετρό της Νέας Υόρκης, αν και οι διαφορές είναι μεγάλες.
Thousands of Beijing's 'rat tribe' underground residents evicted
120,000 people evicted from illegal underground homes in former air raid shelters in Beijing
(The Telegraph)
Beijing's government has evicted more than 120,000 people living underground in the city's sprawling network of disused bomb shelters, state media reported.

Dubbed the "rat tribe" by locals, an estimated one million people reside illegally in a warren of Cold War-era tunnels underneath China's capital.

But authorities have been clearing out residents over the past three years in the first stage of a planned mass eviction, according to the Beijing News. Around 7,250 makeshift houses were found on sites spanning an area of some seven million square metres.

Many of those evacuated are Chinese migrant workers unable to afford the sky-high rents above ground in the capital.

Rents in the bomb shelters are around half the cost of typical migrant housing in Beijing, with individual rooms underground costing around 400 yuan (£42) a month with shared kitchens and bathrooms.

Many are more also centrally located than typical migrant accommodation, although the living areas are cramped, windowless spaces with room for little more than a bed.

The former bomb shelters date back to the Mao era, when in 1969 people were ordered to "dig tunnels deep" to protect against potential Soviet air raids. In Beijing around 300,000 people took part in the campaign, digging an estimated 20,000 shelters.

Previously tolerated as a by-product of rapid urbanisation, a change in housing law in 2010 made living in the subterranean network illegal.

Beijing's population has soared from nine million in 1995 to 21 million in 2013, including around eight million migrants. Many migrants are not legally allowed to settle in the city because they lack the relevant hukou, or household registration, which prevents them applying for low-income housing, among other public services.

Beijing residents have expressed sympathy online for the plight of the shuzu, or "rat tribe".

"The worry is where do these people who could only afford to live in the basement go?" one microblog user, dandanderenshengtlz, wrote on Sina Weibo.

"If a city wants to be habitable, the dazzling buildings are far from enough. What is needed is the attitude of embracing all. Sadly, Beijing is not this kind of city!"

The government plans to redevelop the bomb shelters into sites for public use. One recent redevelopment in Chaoyang district transformed a 2,800-square-metre warren into a luxury entertainment facility for local residents, complete with a gym, billiard room and club for Communist Party members.
 
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