Hi, Altan
Yes, you are right.
Argos here is a reference to
Argos Panoptes, a mythical giant with one hundred eyes who could see everything. The Wikipedia article I link to above also has a page in Turkish. So
Argos here is a metaphor for the sky. Kazantzakis roughly says: "The myriad little lights in the sky above must have some hidden meaning. This one-thousand eyed Argos [i.e. the sky above] must be guarding some terrible secret".
The meaning is that he feels daunted by the vastness of the sky, watched by the stars above, and believing that all of this must have some deeper message that eludes him.