Καλημέρα. Πρώτα, έχω ένα πρόβλημα ορολογίας και θα μπορούσαν να βοηθήσουν οι γλωσσολόγοι της παρέας. Ποιος είναι σήμερα ο όρος για λέξεις και εκφράσεις με τις οποίες παραγεμίζουμε τον προφορικό συνήθως λόγο μας, οι οποίες κατά κανόνα δεν προσθέτουν νόημα στο λόγο πέρα από το χρώμα της προφορικότητας και που θα μπορούσαν να θεωρηθούν έκφραση αμηχανίας; Παραδείγματα: εεε, ξέρεις, να πούμε (ναούμ), δε μου λες κ.λπ.
Στα αγγλικά έχουμε τον όρο fillers:
(Η σελίδα της Wikipedia δεν περιλαμβάνει ελληνικά παραδείγματα.)
Ο Ξυδόπουλος στο Λεξικό γλωσσολογίας και φωνητικής προτείνει τρεις αποδόσεις: στοιχείο πλήρωσης, εμβόλιμος τύπος, προσθήκη.
Έχουμε όμως και τους κειμενικούς δείκτες (discourse markers, text markers):
Τι συμβαίνει εδώ; Μπορούμε να θεωρήσουμε ότι τα «παραγεμίσματα» εντάσσονται στους κειμενικούς δείκτες;
Και το κυριότερο: μπορούμε να κάνουμε μια λίστα με τέτοια παραγεμίσματα του λόγου; (Έτσι κι αλλιώς, ο όρος της γλωσσολογίας αποκλείεται να είναι πιο εκφραστικός από τον τίτλο μου...)
Στα αγγλικά έχουμε τον όρο fillers:
In linguistics, a filler is a sound or word that is spoken in conversation by one participant to signal to others that he/she has paused to think but is not yet finished speaking. These are not to be confused with placeholder names, such as thingamajig, which refer to objects or people whose names are temporarily forgotten, irrelevant, or unknown. Different languages have different characteristic filler sounds; in English, the most common filler sounds are uh /ə/, er /ɚ/ and um /əm/. Among youths, the fillers "like", "y'know", "actually", "literally", and "basically" are more prevalent.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)
(Η σελίδα της Wikipedia δεν περιλαμβάνει ελληνικά παραδείγματα.)
Ο Ξυδόπουλος στο Λεξικό γλωσσολογίας και φωνητικής προτείνει τρεις αποδόσεις: στοιχείο πλήρωσης, εμβόλιμος τύπος, προσθήκη.
Έχουμε όμως και τους κειμενικούς δείκτες (discourse markers, text markers):
In linguistics, a discourse marker is a word or phrase that is relatively syntax-independent and does not change the meaning of the sentence, and has a somewhat empty meaning. Examples of discourse markers include the particles "oh", "well", "now", "then", "you know", and "I mean", and the connectives "so", "because", "and", "but", and "or".
In Practical English Usage Michael Swan defines a 'discourse marker' as 'a word or expression which shows the connection between what is being said and the wider context'. For him, it is something that a) connects a sentence to what comes before or after, or b) indicates a speaker's attitude to what he is saying. He gives three examples: on the other hand; frankly; as a matter of fact.
Traditionally, some of the words or phrases that were considered discourse markers were treated as "fillers" or "expletives": words or phrases that had no function at all. Now they are assigned functions in different levels of analysis: topic changes, reformulations, discourse planning, stressing, hedging, or backchanneling. Those functions can be classified into three broad groups: (a) relationships among (parts of) utterances; (b) relationships between the speaker and the message, and (c) relationships between speaker and hearer. [...]
Common discourse markers used in the English language include "you know", "actually", "basically", "like", "I mean", and "okay".
In Practical English Usage Michael Swan defines a 'discourse marker' as 'a word or expression which shows the connection between what is being said and the wider context'. For him, it is something that a) connects a sentence to what comes before or after, or b) indicates a speaker's attitude to what he is saying. He gives three examples: on the other hand; frankly; as a matter of fact.
Traditionally, some of the words or phrases that were considered discourse markers were treated as "fillers" or "expletives": words or phrases that had no function at all. Now they are assigned functions in different levels of analysis: topic changes, reformulations, discourse planning, stressing, hedging, or backchanneling. Those functions can be classified into three broad groups: (a) relationships among (parts of) utterances; (b) relationships between the speaker and the message, and (c) relationships between speaker and hearer. [...]
Common discourse markers used in the English language include "you know", "actually", "basically", "like", "I mean", and "okay".
Τι συμβαίνει εδώ; Μπορούμε να θεωρήσουμε ότι τα «παραγεμίσματα» εντάσσονται στους κειμενικούς δείκτες;
Και το κυριότερο: μπορούμε να κάνουμε μια λίστα με τέτοια παραγεμίσματα του λόγου; (Έτσι κι αλλιώς, ο όρος της γλωσσολογίας αποκλείεται να είναι πιο εκφραστικός από τον τίτλο μου...)
