Interesting topic. I just did some quick research and I managed to glean the following (I've highlighted here a small section that I copied and condensed down directly from a longer wiki article).
The Babylonian system of mathematics was sexagesimal (base-60) numeral system .. having divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 and 60, facilitating calculations with fractions.
From what I understand then..(hopefully I'm wearing my thinking cap).
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 and 60 were key numbers (for the Babylonians).. e.g. the fraction 1/14 didn't exist for the Babylonians .. they had to approximate back to 1/15, their closest divisor.
So examining the text (to be translated) once again .
What the Babylonian mathematician lacks is precisely the ability to dispense with specific, definite numbers, and it is this deficiency that dictates the particular form of his approach.
I think we can safely say the specific, definite numbers here refers to the divisors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 and 60).
Με λίγα λογία .. ο Βαβυλώνιος μαθηματικός δεν μπορούσε (η του έλλειπε η ικανότητα) να αποφύγει αυτούς τούς ορισμένους αριθμούς (the divisors based on their sexagesimal (or base-60) numerical system).
Νομιζω αποφύγει η απαλλαχθεί από ταιριάζει εδώ.