τελατίνι = (processed) calfskin leather | (μτφ.) worn out

nickel

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«Στο τέλος είχα γίνει τελατίνι» είπα — και μια νεαρά απέναντί μου με κοίταξε απορημένη. Άγνωστη λέξη. Κι ας πουλάνε κάποιοι, όπως βλέπω στο skroutz, του κόσμου τα ακριβά είδη από τελατίνι. Ίσως πάλι η κοπέλα να ήξερε μόνο αυτή τη σημασία, αλλά, βέβαια, δεν είχα γίνει «κατεργασμένο δέρμα μοσχαριού».

Αυτή είναι η αρχική σημασία της λέξης, με τουρκική προέλευση — ένα τουρκικό λεξικό μου λέει ότι telâtin = Russia leather.

Το ΛΚΝ αναφέρει ότι η τουρκική λέξη προέρχεται από ρωσική και στο Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages (p. 482) βρίσκω το κομμάτι που έχω ξεχωρίσει στο χορταστικό απόσπασμα παρακάτω.

Από την κατεργασία του δέρματος προέρχεται, υποθέτω, και η μεταφορική σημασία του δαρμένου και ταλαιπωρημένου, αν και πιστεύω ότι αυτές δεν συνηθίζονται πια και η πιο συνηθισμένη είναι του εξαντλημένου, του ψόφιου από την κούραση. Δεν βρίσκω τη σημασία στο ΛΝΕΓ, αλλά την έχει το Χρηστικό:

έχω γίνει τελατίνι (σπάν.-μτφ.-λαϊκό): έχω αδυνατίσει πολύ ή έχω εξαντληθεί.

Για ελληνοαγγλικό λήμμα προτείνω:

τελατίνι (το)= (processed) calfskin leather | (μτφ.) worn out.




The two states of the Khazars and the Bulgarians were destroyed by the Russian prince Svyatoslav, son of Igor, and Russia got closer control of the Volga trade and direct access to its products. But both Bulgar and Saqsin, the successor to Itil, remained respectively in Bulgarian and Khazar hands until the Mongol invasion. The shift of the centralised Russian state eastwards represented the summit of at least a hundred years of Varangian effort which started about the year 800 with the founding of the first forts and merchant hamlets not only on the eastern shores of the Baltic but also on Lakes Peipus, Ilmen and Ladoga. Their mercantile activities went hand in hand with robbery and conquest; the first mention of Scandinavian pirates on the Caspian and Black Seas dates from about A.D. 840.

The Scandinavian expansion, in this case Swedish, did not take the form of a rapid conquest of eastern territories or the mass colonisation of foreign countries. In eastern Slavonic lands the Varangians built up an exploitative warrior-merchant system maintained by well-trained troops settled in forts in commanding positions. They were interested
in keeping to themselves the Volga route to the Arab world, and the Dnieper route to Byzantium. They kept contact with the local Slavonic aristocracy by maintaining alien dynasties in a few existing tribal states and keeping a well-organised military and fiscal apparatus. In the middle of the ninth century we hear about the Princes Askold and Dir in Kiev, about Rurik in Novgorod, or rather Old Ladoga; Rurik’s putative son Igor (died 945) was the founder of the Russian dynasty with its capital and grand-prince in Kiev. A powerful state was created which took over foreign trade and put an end to the arbitrary expeditions of different Varangian chiefs as well as conducting a policy of expansion. The newcomers became more and more Slavonic during the tenth century in spite of their continuing contact with Sweden.

But even earlier, in the ninth century, the Varangian trading system providing links with the Baghdad caliphate and central Asia took over the main route from the Baltic to the Volga, as well as the Byzantium route ‘from Varangians to Greeks’. The first of these routes consisted of a network of roads in northern Russia leading from Estonia and Latvia and the Gulf of Finland by many branches on land and water before it crossed the low watershed between the Baltic and the Caspian Sea to the upper reaches of the Volga. All over this huge region both Scandinavian and Arab imports have been revealed by excavations. There are also, occasionally, local names of hamlets deriving from Swedish terms for mercantile and transport functions. […] It is evidence of a well-organised trade between Sweden and the upper Volga, which included some articles of Scandinavian and Baltic origin but mainly goods produced by the people who exploited the forests of the entire north-eastern geographical region. The Varangians — who were called in Arab texts ar-Rus to distinguish them from Slavs (Sakāliba) — were from the very beginning helped by the latter, and in the mid-ninth century the Slavonic language began to be used internationally in all the trade of the caliphate.

What were the goods traded? The eastern Slavs provided forest products of relatively high quality and small bulk, such as furs, especially marten and fox, honey and wax. The calf leather imported into Khorezm took its Arabic name from the Russian telatin; horse leather was sought after, and Russia also exported linen. We know also that amber and weapons were sold. Next in importance, and equally easy to transport, were the slaves, about whom there are such copious records in the eastern countries of the caliphate from the ninth century onwards; among other occupations they became royal guards.​
 
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